Using SQL Server's built-in capabilities, I've made a basic calendar in the example below.

Temporary SQL Server Tables
The instantaneous result sets that are queried repeatedly can be stored in the temporary tables.

Setting up makeshift tables
SELECT INTO and CREATE TABLE statements are the two methods that SQL Server offers for creating temporary tables.

CREATE OR ALTER PROCEDURE calender(@start_date DATE, @end_date DATE)
AS
BEGIN
    DECLARE @DateDiff INT;
    DECLARE @count INT;
    SET @count = 0; -- DAY ONE COUNT OF START DATE
    SET @DateDiff = DATEDIFF(DAY, @start_date, @end_date); -- DIFF BTW TWO DATE
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS #temp_cal;
    CREATE TABLE #temp_cal(
        id INT IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY,
        d_date DATE,
        end_date DATE
    );
    WHILE @count <= @DateDiff BEGIN
        INSERT INTO #temp_cal(d_date, end_date) VALUES(DATEADD(DAY, @count, @start_date), @end_date);
        SET @count = @count + 1;
    END;
    SELECT DAY(d_date) AS 'DAY',
           MONTH(d_date) AS 'MONTH',
           DATENAME(weekday, d_date) AS 'DAY_NAME',
           DATENAME(month, d_date) AS 'MONTH_NAME',
           DATENAME(year, d_date) AS 'YEAR',
           d_date AS 'DATE',
           DATENAME(week, d_date) AS 'WEEK',
           DATEPART(DY, d_date) AS 'DAY_OF_YEAR',
           DATEPART(ISO_WEEK, d_date) AS 'ISO_WEEK',
           DATEPART(wk, d_date) AS 'US WEEK',
           DATEPART(wk, d_date) AS 'WEEK_OF_YEAR',
           DATEDIFF(DAY,d_date, end_date) AS 'NUMBER_OF_DAYS_IN_MONTH',
           DATEDIFF(WEEK,d_date,end_date) AS 'WEEKS_IN_YEAR',
           DATEDIFF(MONTH,d_date,end_date) AS 'MONTHS_IN_YEAR',
           FORMAT(d_date, 'D', 'en-US' ) AS 'CULTURES_FOR_US'
    FROM #temp_cal;
END;
EXEC calender @start_date = '2023-01-01', @end_date = '2023-12-31';

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