Conversion functions in SQL are used to change the data type of a value. These functions are essential when handling different data formats and ensuring consistency in data processing.

Types of Conversion Functions

• CAST(): Converts an expression from one data type to another.
• CONVERT(): Similar to CAST but allows formatting for date and numeric conversions.
• TRY_CAST(): Similar to CAST but returns NULL instead of an error if conversion fails.
• TRY_CONVERT(): Functions like CONVERT but returns NULL if conversion fails.
• FORMAT(): Converts values into a formatted string.

Example Usage of Conversion Functions

1. Using CAST() Function
SELECT CAST(123.45 AS INT) AS ConvertedValue;

2. Using CONVERT() Function
SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR, GETDATE(), 103) AS FormattedDate;

3. Using TRY_CAST() Function
SELECT TRY_CAST('123ABC' AS INT) AS Result;

Output. NULL (Fails due to non-numeric characters)

4. Using TRY_CONVERT() Function
SELECT TRY_CONVERT(INT, '456XYZ') AS Result;

Output. NULL (Fails due to non-numeric characters)

5. Using FORMAT() Function
SELECT FORMAT(1234567.89, 'N2') AS FormattedNumber;

Output. 1,234,567.89

Advantages of Conversion Functions

• Helps standardize data representation across databases.
• Allows formatting of numeric and date values.
• Prevents errors when handling mixed data types.

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