In this article I describe the way to produce a User defined error message in SQL Server 2012. we use SP_addmessage to add a custom message and after that we have a tendency to use a RAISERROR Statement to invoke the custom message. We use the SP_admessage stored Procedure to define a User defined Custom Error Message. This stored Procedure adds a record to the sys.message system view. A User defined message should have a message number of 50000 or higher with a severity of 1 to 25. And here is the code:
sp_addmessage [ @msgnum = ] msg_id ,
[ @severity = ] severity ,
[ @msgtext = ] 'msg'
[ , [ @lang = ] 'language' ]
[ , [ @with_log = ] 'with_log' ]
[ , [ @replace = ] 'replace' ]

Here mcg_id is that the id of the message which might be between 50000 and 2147483647. The severity is the level of the message which might be between one and twenty five. For User defined messages we are able to use it a value of 0 to 19. The severity level between 20 to 25 may be set by the administrator. Severity levels from 20 through 25 are considered fatal.

The actual error message is "msg", that uses a data type of nvarchar(255). the maximum characters limit is two,047. any more than that will be truncated. The language is used if you wish to specify any language. Replace is used once a similar message number already exists, however you wish to switch the string for that ID, you've got to use this parameter.

RAISERROR:
The RAISERROR statement generates an error message by either retrieving the message from the sys.messages catalog read or constructing the message string at runtime. it's used to invoke the the User defined error message. first we produce a User defined error message using SP_addmessage and after that we invoke that by the use of RAISERROR.
RAISERROR ( { msg_id  }
{ ,severity ,state }
[ ,argument [ ,...n ] ] )
[ WITH option [ ,...n ] ]

Example:
EXEC sp_addmessage
500021,
10,
'THis is error message'
go
RAISERROR (500021, 10, 1)

Replacement of Message.
EXEC sp_addmessage
500021,
10,
'Previous error message is replaced',
@lang='us_english',
@with_log='false',
@replace='replace'
GO
RAISERROR (500021, 10, 1)

Altering the message:
exec sp_altermessage 500021,@parameter='with_log', @parameter_value='true'

Droping the message:
exec sp_dropmessage 500021

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In this post, we will convert a given date of range into list of dates as per the business requirement. Just have a look on as these three mentioned demo table below which has three columns CustomerID, StartDate and EndDate. So, we want to generate the date list for the given date range for each customer. For example if we have a entry as CustomerID – “1”, StartDate – “10-Dec-2012” and EndDate – “19-Mar-2013”, then this should return a date list for CustomerID 1 with 4 rows. First row for 10-Dec-12 to 31-Dec-12, Second row for 01-Jan-13 to 31-Jan-13, Third row for 01-Feb-13 to 28-Feb-13 and fourth row for 01-Mar-13 to 19-Mar-13.

Mind that in first row, we have started with the actual start date of the given date range and in the last row, we have put the end date as actual end date. But, if there is any more row between first row and last row, it has a date range as whole month.

Look at this table of date range below:

And we want the required output from this date range is as below:

How to Generate The Output

Step 1

Create a table as below:

CREATE TABLE DateRange
(
CustomerID INT,
StartDate DATE,
EndDate DATE
)

Step 2

Insert demo values for customer and date range

INSERT INTO DateRange
VALUES (1, '10-Dec-12', '19-Mar-13'),
(2, '20-Mar-14', '10-Jul-14')

Step 3

Create another table to hold Serial number so that we can apply a join with this table to generate the date list for given date range. You can also use a demo DateList table to get the desired output. In this demo, we are using serial numbers to generate the desired output:

CREATE TABLE TableSerialNumber
(
RowNumber INT
)

Step 4

Insert serial numbers up to 100 for this demo using sys.columns table. You can also use another way to insert this.

INSERT INTO TableSerialNumber
SELECT TOP 100 ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY (SELECT 0)) FROM SYS.COLUMNS

Step 5

Now, write a SQL query to extract the output as required. You can also try with some different way using DateList table too. Here, we're gonna use a serial number to generate the rows and date list dynamically for the given date range.

SELECT A.CustomerID
,CONVERT(VARCHAR(20), (CASE WHEN B.RowNumber = 1 THEN A.StartDate
ELSE DATEADD(MONTH, B.RowNumber - 1, DATEADD(DD, -(DATEPART(DD, A.StartDate)) + 1, A.StartDate)) END), 106) AS FromDate
,CONVERT(VARCHAR(20), (CASE WHEN (DATEADD(DD, -(DATEPART(DD, A.StartDate)), DATEADD(MONTH, B.RowNumber, A.StartDate))) < A.EndDate THEN
DATEADD(DD, -(DATEPART(DD, A.StartDate)), DATEADD(MONTH, B.RowNumber, A.StartDate)) ELSE A.EndDate END), 106) AS ToDate
FROM DateRange A
INNER JOIN TableSerialNumber B ON B.RowNumber <= (DATEDIFF(MONTH, A.StartDate, A.EndDate) + 1)

And you're done! You can also generate it in some other way too. For example, you can achieve this with a demo DateList table too. It's your creativity to find your own way.

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There is a long list of new features getting introduced in SQL Server 2016. In this post, we would talk about one of the security feature called Dynamic Data Masking. How to Use it?

Whenever you access your account on your bank site, would you be comfortable in seeing your credit card or bank account number in clear text on the web page? There are multiple ways to do this at the application level, but as a human nature, it leaves room for error. One small mistake from the developer can leak sensitive data and can cost a huge loss. Wouldn’t it be great if a credit card number would be returned with only its last 4 digits visible – XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-1234 with no additional coding? Sounds interesting, read on!

Before experimenting this feature please remember that if you are using CTP2.0 then you need to turn on trace flags using below command.

DBCC TRACEON(209,219,-1)

If you don’t enable, then here is the error which you would receive while trying this sample script given later.

Msg 102, Level 15, State 1, Line 14
Incorrect syntax near ‘masked’.

Don't forget that this is SQL Server 2016 feature. Running the script on earlier version of SQL would cause below:

Msg 102, Level 15, State 1, Line 14
Incorrect syntax near ‘MASKED’.
Msg 319, Level 15, State 1, Line 14
Incorrect syntax near the keyword ‘with’. If this statement is a common table expression, an xmlnamespaces clause or a change tracking context clause, the previous statement must be terminated with a semicolon.

And here is the script to create objects (database, table, masked column):

SET NOCOUNT ON
GO

Drop database MaskingDemo, if already exists

USE [master]
GO
IF DB_ID('MaskingDemo') IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
ALTER DATABASE [MaskingDemo] SET SINGLE_USER WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE
DROP DATABASE [MaskingDemo]
END

Create new database called MaskingDemo

CREATE DATABASE MaskingDemo
GO
USE MaskingDemo
GO

Create table with different data type columns

CREATE TABLE MyContacts (
ID INT IDENTITY(1, 1) PRIMARY KEY
,fName NVARCHAR(30) NOT NULL
,lName NVARCHAR(30) NOT NULL
,CreditCard VARCHAR(20) NULL
,SalaryINR INT NULL
,OfficeEmail NVARCHAR(60) NULL
,PersonalEmail NVARCHAR(60) NULL
,SomeDate DATETIME NULL
)

Insert a Row

INSERT INTO [dbo].[MyContacts]
([fName],[lName] ,[CreditCard],[SalaryINR],[OfficeEmail],[PersonalEmail], SomeDate)
VALUES('Rebecca','C','1234-5678-1234-5678',999999,'[email protected]','[email protected]', '31-March-2013')
GO

Apply Masking

ALTER TABLE MyContacts
ALTER COLUMN CreditCard ADD MASKED
WITH (FUNCTION = 'partial(2,"XX-XXXX-XXXX-XX",2)')
ALTER TABLE MyContacts
ALTER COLUMN SalaryINR ADD MASKED
WITH (FUNCTION = 'default()')      -- default on int
ALTER TABLE MyContacts
ALTER COLUMN SomeDate ADD MASKED
WITH (FUNCTION = 'default()')      -- default on date
ALTER TABLE MyContacts
ALTER COLUMN fname ADD MASKED
WITH (FUNCTION = 'default()')      -- default on varchar
ALTER TABLE MyContacts
ALTER COLUMN OfficeEmail ADD MASKED
WITH (FUNCTION = 'email()')
GO

Create a new user and grant select permissions

USE MaskingDemo
GO
CREATE USER WhoAmI WITHOUT LOGIN;
GRANT SELECT ON MyContacts TO WhoAmI;

As we can see above, those fields which are masked are showing obfuscated data based on masking rule.
For your information, versions after CTP2 release, the trace flag will not be needed. If you add trace flag, you would start getting “Incorrect syntax” error.

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In this article, I'm introducing you new feature in SQL Server 2016 CTP 2.0 named Query Store. This is a very useful feature for the DBA and developers from the performance point of view.

Query store feature allows to captures multiple query plan for a query and run time statistics. Query store can store multiple execution plans per query, it can force query processor to use a particular execution plan which is referred as plan forcing using USE PLAN query hint.

By default, Query Store is not active so you can enable it in two ways:

Step 1

First Using SSMS, Right Click on DatabaseName -> Go to properties -> Query Store options -> Enable -> True

Step 2

Second way to enable it by using ALTER Database script in this manner:

ALTER DATABSE  Database_name SET QUERY_STORE = ON;

Query store option is not enabled for master or tempdb database. If you try to enable it then you get below error:

Msg 12420, Level 16, State 1, Line 1

Cannot perform action because Query Store is not started up for this database.

Msg 5069, Level 16, State 1, Line 1

ALTER DATABASE statement failed.

Step 3

To determine the current options available for query store we can query the system view sys.database_query_store_options. Query stores contains two stores:

1. Plan store – Stores execution plan information
2. Running Stats store – Stores execution statistics information

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In this article, I will explain you how to parse XML or import XML to SQL Server Database Table.

Here are the XML File:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<Orders>
<Order OrderNumber="99503" OrderDate="2013-10-20">
  <Address Type="Shipping">
    <Name>Ellen Adams</Name>
    <Street>123 Maple Street</Street>
    <City>Mill Valley</City>
    <State>CA</State>
    <Zip>10999</Zip>
    <Country>USA</Country>
  </Address>
  <Address Type="Billing">
    <Name>Tai Yee</Name>
    <Street>8 Oak Avenue</Street>
    <City>Old Town</City>
    <State>PA</State>
    <Zip>95819</Zip>
    <Country>USA</Country>
  </Address>
  <DeliveryNotes>Please leave packages in shed by driveway.</DeliveryNotes>
  <Items>
    <Item PartNumber="872-AA">
      <ProductName>Lawnmower</ProductName>
      <Quantity>1</Quantity>
      <USPrice>148.95</USPrice>
      <Comment>Confirm this is electric</Comment>
    </Item>
    <Item PartNumber="926-AA">
      <ProductName>Baby Monitor</ProductName>
      <Quantity>2</Quantity>
      <USPrice>39.98</USPrice>
      <ShipDate>2013-05-21</ShipDate>
    </Item>
  </Items>
</Order>
</Orders>

To Query XML File, you need to store in to xml variable @MyXML:

DECLARE @MyXML XML
SET @MyXML = '<?xml version="1.0"?>
<Orders>
<Order OrderNumber="99503" OrderDate="2013-10-20">
  <Address Type="Shipping">
    <Name>....</Name>
    <Street>123 Maple Street</Street>
    <City>Mill Valley</City>
    <State>CA</State>
    <Zip>10999</Zip>
    <Country>...</Country>
  </Address>
  <Address Type="Billing">
    <Name>Tai Yee</Name>
    <Street>8 Oak Avenue</Street>
    <City>Old Town</City>
    <State>PA</State>
    <Zip>95819</Zip>
    <Country>...</Country>
  </Address>
  <DeliveryNotes>Please leave packages in shed by driveway.</DeliveryNotes>
  <Items>
    <Item PartNumber="872-AA">
      <ProductName>Lawnmower</ProductName>
      <Quantity>1</Quantity>
      <USPrice>148.95</USPrice>
      <Comment>Confirm this is electric</Comment>
    </Item>
    <Item PartNumber="926-AA">
      <ProductName>Baby Monitor</ProductName>
      <Quantity>2</Quantity>
      <USPrice>39.98</USPrice>
      <ShipDate>2013-05-21</ShipDate>
    </Item>
  </Items>
</Order>
</Orders>

Now, you use SQL query to get Order header from @MyXML:

SELECT Col.value('@OrderNumber', 'int') AS 'Order',
Col.value('@OrderDate', 'date') AS 'OrderDate',
Col.value('(Address[@Type=''Shipping'']/Name/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(50)') AS 'Shipping_Name',
Col.value('(Address[@Type=''Shipping'']/Street/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(50)') AS 'Shipping_Street',
Col.value('(Address[@Type=''Shipping'']/City/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(50)') AS 'Shipping_City',
Col.value('(Address[@Type=''Shipping'']/State/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(50)') AS 'Shipping_State',
Col.value('(Address[@Type=''Shipping'']/Zip/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(50)') AS 'Shipping_Zip',
Col.value('(Address[@Type=''Shipping'']/Country/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(50)') AS 'Shipping_Country',
Col.value('(Address[@Type=''Billing'']/Name/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(50)') AS 'Billing_Name',
Col.value('(Address[@Type=''Billing'']/Street/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(50)') AS 'Billing_Street',
Col.value('(Address[@Type=''Billing'']/City/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(50)') AS 'Billing_City',
Col.value('(Address[@Type=''Billing'']/State/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(50)') AS 'Billing_State',
Col.value('(Address[@Type=''Billing'']/Zip/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(50)') AS 'Billing_Zip',
Col.value('(Address[@Type=''Billing'']/Country/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(50)') AS 'Billing_Country',
Col.value('(DeliveryNotes/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(250)') AS 'DeliveryNotes'
FROM @MyXML.nodes('/Orders/Order') AS T(Col)

Then, you can use SQL query to get Order Items from @MyXML:

SELECT
Col.value('(../../../Order/@OrderNumber)[1]', 'int') AS 'Order',
Col.value('(@PartNumber)[1]', 'nvarchar(50)') AS 'PartNumber' ,
Col.value('(ProductName/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(250)') AS 'ProductName' ,
Col.value('(Quantity/text())[1]', 'int') AS 'Quantity',
Col.value('(USPrice/text())[1]', 'float') AS 'USPrice',
Col.value('(Comment/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(250)') AS 'Comment',
Col.value('(ShipDate/text())[1]', 'date') AS 'ShipDate'
FROM @MyXML.nodes('/Orders/Order/Items/Item') AS T(Col)

To make it easier, here's the full code:

DECLARE @MyXML XML
SET @MyXML = '<?xml version="1.0"?>
<Orders>
<Order OrderNumber="99503" OrderDate="2013-10-20">
  <Address Type="Shipping">
    <Name>...</Name>
    <Street>123 Maple Street</Street>
    <City>Mill Valley</City>
    <State>CA</State>
    <Zip>10999</Zip>
    <Country>...</Country>
  </Address>
  <Address Type="Billing">
    <Name>Tai Yee</Name>
    <Street>8 Oak Avenue</Street>
    <City>Old Town</City>
    <State>PA</State>
    <Zip>95819</Zip>
    <Country>...</Country>
  </Address>
  <DeliveryNotes>Please leave packages in shed by driveway.</DeliveryNotes>
  <Items>
    <Item PartNumber="872-AA">
      <ProductName>Lawnmower</ProductName>
      <Quantity>1</Quantity>
      <USPrice>148.95</USPrice>
      <Comment>Confirm this is electric</Comment>
    </Item>
    <Item PartNumber="926-AA">
      <ProductName>Baby Monitor</ProductName>
      <Quantity>2</Quantity>
      <USPrice>39.98</USPrice>
      <ShipDate>2013-05-21</ShipDate>
    </Item>
  </Items>
</Order>
</Orders>'
   SELECT
    Col.value('@OrderNumber', 'int') AS 'Order',
    Col.value('@OrderDate', 'date') AS 'OrderDate',
    Col.value('(Address[@Type=''Shipping'']/Name/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(50)') AS 'Shipping_Name',
    Col.value('(Address[@Type=''Shipping'']/Street/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(50)') AS 'Shipping_Street',
    Col.value('(Address[@Type=''Shipping'']/City/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(50)') AS 'Shipping_City',
    Col.value('(Address[@Type=''Shipping'']/State/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(50)') AS 'Shipping_State',
    Col.value('(Address[@Type=''Shipping'']/Zip/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(50)') AS 'Shipping_Zip',
    Col.value('(Address[@Type=''Shipping'']/Country/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(50)') AS 'Shipping_Country',
    Col.value('(Address[@Type=''Billing'']/Name/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(50)') AS 'Billing_Name',
    Col.value('(Address[@Type=''Billing'']/Street/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(50)') AS 'Billing_Street',
    Col.value('(Address[@Type=''Billing'']/City/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(50)') AS 'Billing_City',
    Col.value('(Address[@Type=''Billing'']/State/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(50)') AS 'Billing_State',
    Col.value('(Address[@Type=''Billing'']/Zip/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(50)') AS 'Billing_Zip',
    Col.value('(Address[@Type=''Billing'']/Country/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(50)') AS 'Billing_Country', 
    Col.value('(DeliveryNotes/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(250)') AS 'DeliveryNotes'
  FROM  @MyXML.nodes('/Orders/Order') AS T(Col)
  
   SELECT
    Col.value('(../../../Order/@OrderNumber)[1]', 'int') AS 'Order',
    Col.value('(@PartNumber)[1]', 'nvarchar(50)') AS 'PartNumber'  ,
    Col.value('(ProductName/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(250)') AS 'ProductName' ,
    Col.value('(Quantity/text())[1]', 'int') AS 'Quantity',
    Col.value('(USPrice/text())[1]', 'float') AS 'USPrice',
    Col.value('(Comment/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(250)') AS 'Comment',
    Col.value('(ShipDate/text())[1]', 'date') AS 'ShipDate' 
  FROM  @MyXML.nodes('/Orders/Order/Items/Item') AS T(Col)

Here is the Output:

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In this article, you will play around with some SQL Script to identify blocking behaviour. The most basic script that I have been using and used by many DBA will include Activity Monitor, sp_who2, sysprocesses etc.

Recently, I saw a script written by one person:

SELECT * FROM sys.dm_os_waiting_tasks
WHERE blocking_session_id IS NOT NULL
GO

This will shows the rows like:

This is so cool because I know who is waiting for whom. In the above image 53 is waiting for 68. While 79 is waiting for 53. This was a cool way to look at things. Sure, you wanted to show the same data in slightly different way using T-SQL. So, I wrote a Blocking Tree TSQL script:

SET NOCOUNT ON
GO
SELECT SPID, BLOCKED, REPLACE (REPLACE (T.TEXT, CHAR(10), ' '), CHAR (13), ' ' ) AS BATCH
INTO #T
FROM sys.sysprocesses R CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(R.SQL_HANDLE) T
GO
WITH BLOCKERS (SPID, BLOCKED, LEVEL, BATCH)
AS
(
SELECT SPID,
BLOCKED,
CAST (REPLICATE ('0', 4-LEN (CAST (SPID AS VARCHAR))) + CAST (SPID AS VARCHAR) AS VARCHAR (1000)) AS LEVEL,
BATCH FROM #T R
WHERE (BLOCKED = 0 OR BLOCKED = SPID)
AND EXISTS (SELECT * FROM #T R2 WHERE R2.BLOCKED = R.SPID AND R2.BLOCKED <> R2.SPID)
UNION ALL
SELECT R.SPID,
R.BLOCKED,
CAST (BLOCKERS.LEVEL + RIGHT (CAST ((1000 + R.SPID) AS VARCHAR (100)), 4) AS VARCHAR (1000)) AS LEVEL,
R.BATCH FROM #T AS R
INNER JOIN BLOCKERS ON R.BLOCKED = BLOCKERS.SPID WHERE R.BLOCKED > 0 AND R.BLOCKED <> R.SPID
)
SELECT N'    ' + REPLICATE (N'|         ', LEN (LEVEL)/4 - 1) +
CASE WHEN (LEN(LEVEL)/4 - 1) = 0
THEN 'HEAD -  '
ELSE '|------  ' END
+ CAST (SPID AS NVARCHAR (10)) + N' ' + BATCH AS BLOCKING_TREE
FROM BLOCKERS ORDER BY LEVEL ASC
GO
DROP TABLE #T
GO

The output would look like:

That's a simple way to look at the same Blocking data inside SSMS.

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SQL Server database files are organized in 8KB (8192 bytes) chunks, called pages. When we create the first row in a table, SQL Server allocates an 8KB page to store that row. Similarly every row in every table ends up being stored in a page.

Say one of the pages in your table is corrupt and while repairing the corrupt pages, you may eventually end up loosing some data. You may want to find out which records are on the page. To do so, use the following undocumented T-SQL %%physloc%% virtual column:

USE AdventureWorks2014
GO
SELECT *, %%physloc%% AS physloc
FROM Person.AddressType
ORDER BY physloc;

As you can see, the last column represents the record location. However the hexadecimal value is not in a human readable format. To read the physical record of each row in a human readable format, use the following query:

SELECT *
FROM Person.AddressType
CROSS APPLY sys.fn_PhysLocCracker(%%physloc%%)

The sys.fun_PhysLocCracker function takes the %%physloc%% and represents a human readable format fileid, pageid i.e. 880 and record number on the page 880.

If you are interested in knowing what’s inside the sys.fn_PhysLocCracker function, use sp_helptext as follows:

EXEC sp_helptext 'sys.fn_PhysLocCracker'
which display the definition of sys.fn_PhysLocCracker
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Name: sys.fn_PhysLocCracker
--
-- Description:
--    Cracks the output of %%physloc%% virtual column
--
-- Notes:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
create function sys.fn_PhysLocCracker (@physical_locator binary (8))
returns @dumploc_table table
(
    [file_id]    int not null,
    [page_id]    int not null,
    [slot_id]    int not null
)
as
begin
    declare @page_id    binary (4)
    declare @file_id    binary (2)
    declare @slot_id    binary (2)
    -- Page ID is the first four bytes, then 2 bytes of page ID, then 2 bytes of slot
    --
    select @page_id = convert (binary (4), reverse (substring (@physical_locator, 1, 4)))
    select @file_id = convert (binary (2), reverse (substring (@physical_locator, 5, 2)))
    select @slot_id = convert (binary (2), reverse (substring (@physical_locator, 7, 2)))
  
    insert into @dumploc_table values (@file_id, @page_id, @slot_id)
    return
end

The undocumented sys.fn_PhysLocCracker works on SQL Server 2008 and above.

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Before reading this text there is only one prerequisite condition; you must know how to create a directive in AngularJs and why we need to create them. First of all you need to add AngularJs and jQuery to your page, similar to here:
<head runat="server"> 
<title></title> 
<script src="angular.min.js"></script> 
<script src="jquery-1.11.1.min.js"></script> 
</head>

You will either download them from my code that is available at the start of this article or you can download from their official websites. Now i'm simply adding a textbox wherever i would like to allow only numbers using an AngularJs directive.
<body> 
<form ng-app="app" id="form1" runat="server"> 
<div>
<h3> Demo to Allow Numbers Only </h3>
<hr /> 
Provide Your Mobile Number: <input type="text" 
name="MobileNumber" 
class="form-control" 
allow-only-numbers /> 
<hr /> 
</div> 
</form> 
</body>

Now it's time for Angular code. Write the following code:
<script> 
var app = angular.module('app', []); 
app.directive('allowOnlyNumbers', function () { 
return { 
restrict: 'A', 
link: function (scope, elm, attrs, ctrl) { 
elm.on('keydown', function (event) { 
if (event.which == 64 || event.which == 16) { 
// to allow numbers 
return false; 
} else if (event.which >= 48 && event.which <= 57) { 
// to allow numbers 
return true; 
} else if (event.which >= 96 && event.which <= 105) { 
// to allow numpad number 
return true; 
} else if ([8, 13, 27, 37, 38, 39, 40].indexOf(event.which) > -1) { 
// to allow backspace, enter, escape, arrows 
return true; 
} else { 
event.preventDefault(); 
// to stop others 
return false; 
} 
}); 
} 
} 
}); 
</script>

Here I first created a module named "app". The module creation is a necessary part if you wish to use Angular. This module is added to the HTML page using the ng-app directive. Then I created the directive with the name "allowOnlyNumbers". If you're making any kind of directive using AngularJs then you need to continually check that the name is provided using "-" in your HTML page and these dashes "-" are replaced by capital letters in the Angular code. Since I had applied this directive to the attribute of the textbox I had restricted this directive using "A" for Attribute.

I had applied this directive on the keydown event of the textbox. After those varied conditions are applied to the ASCII values of the keys to permit or to prevent them. In any case our ASCII values aren't allowed. event.preventDefault() will take away that character and can revert to the previous value. But still I had the intense problem of all the characters that were entered by pressing the shift + key weren't removed by this code, therefore I used easy jQuery at the beginning of the code to help prevent this situation.
var $input = $(this); 
var value = $input.val(); 
value = value.replace(/[^0-9]/g, '') 
$input.val(value); 

Then, write the following code:
app.directive('allowOnlyNumbers', function () { 
return { 
restrict: 'A', 
link: function (scope, elm, attrs, ctrl) { 
elm.on('keydown', function (event) { 
var $input = $(this); 
var value = $input.val(); 
value = value.replace(/[^0-9]/g, '') 
$input.val(value); 
if (event.which == 64 || event.which == 16) { 
    // to allow numbers 
    return false; 
} else if (event.which >= 48 && event.which <= 57) { 
    // to allow numbers 
    return true; 
} else if (event.which >= 96 && event.which <= 105) { 
    // to allow numpad number 
    return true; 
} else if ([8, 13, 27, 37, 38, 39, 40].indexOf(event.which) > -1) { 
    // to allow backspace, enter, escape, arrows 
    return true; 
} else { 
    event.preventDefault(); 
    // to stop others 
    //alert("Sorry Only Numbers Allowed"); 
    return false; 
} 
}); 
} 
} 
}); 

Output:
Now our application is made and we will check the output. On running the application an easy textbox are going to be shown wherever only numbers are allowed.

If you press the numbers from anywhere within the key, they will be allowed however all the other characters won't be allowed to exist, although they're special characters.

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