I was working on a scenario in which I needed to assign a unique value to a column. I was trying to update the column using window ranking function ROW_NUMBER() but I got an error that ‘Windowed function can only appear in SELECT or ORDER BY clause’:

Then I did some workaround and used the Windows function indirectly using a CTE (Common Table Expression) for this. I will show you step by step how I accomplished this using CTE.

Let’s first create a table with some test data,
    CREATE TABLE Test 
    ( 
        ID INT, 
        Value VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL 
    ) 
    GO 
     
    INSERT INTO Test (Value) VALUES('Sunday'),('Monday'),('Tuesday'),('Wednesday'),('Thursday'),('Friday'),('Saturday') 
    GO 

As we can see that in column ID NULL values get inserted as we didn’t specify any values for this column during INSERT statement. So, when I tried this UPDATE statement using ROW_NUMBER() with SET I got the following error,
    UPDATE Test 
    SET ID = ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY Value) 
    GO 

Then I used CTE to update the ID values in table test in this manner,
    ;WITH CTE AS 
    ( 
        SELECT Value, ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY Value) as RN 
        FROM Test 
    ) 
     
    UPDATE T 
    SET ID = RN 
    FROM CTE C JOIN Test T ON T.value = C.Value 

When I ran this SQL code I didn’t get any error and ID column values to get updated with unique values.

This article is about Auto Increment ID Column using nvarchar datatype in SQL Server 2016 . SQL server provides identity property to get auto-increment record values where the datatype used is “int”. This article explains a way to use nvarchar datatype column to get auto-increment record values.
e.g. S00001, E00001, INV00001. (Here there are prefix like S, E, INV used to denote the record ids.)

This article provides a solution to use alphanumeric record ids incremented automatically.

Solution
Create an Employee table as below,

Here “ID” column is for storing record id as similar to Serial No of any entry made. “EmployeeNo” column is used to store the alphanumeric auto increment id. “Name” stores the name of the Employee. Create a Windows Form with a TextBox and a Button control

The above figure shows the use of a textbox to enter name in the ”employee” table where the id is auto-incremented.
Code
    Import the NameSpace

Create 2 methods OpenConnection() and CloseConnection() to handle the SQL Server Connection object.
        private void OpenConnection(SqlConnection con) { 
            con.ConnectionString = "Data Source=.; Initial Catalog=demodb; Integrated Security=True"; 
            if (con.State == ConnectionState.Closed) { 
                con.Open(); 
            } 
        } 
        private void CloseConnection(SqlConnection con) { 
            con.Close(); 
        } 

On the Insert button click the id is auto-incremented and the relevant data is inserted in the employee table. (id, employeeno and name)
        SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(); 
        OpenConnection(con); 
        string id = AutoIncrementID(); 
        int idLimit = 7; 
        string eno = "E" + ZeroAppend("0000000" + id, idLimit); 
        string query = "insert into employee values ('" + id + "', '" + eno + "', '" + txtName.Text + "')"; 
        SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(query, con); 
        int i = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); 
        if (i > 0) { 
            MessageBox.Show("Data Added", "Add", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information); 
        } 
        CloseConnection(con); 

Here a method AutoIncrementID() is used to do the task of auto-incrementing based on the last entry inserted in the table.
        private string AutoIncrementID() { 
            SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(); 
            OpenConnection(con); 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("SELECT ISNULL(MAX(ID),0) + 1 from employee", con); 
            SqlDataReader dr = cmd.ExecuteReader(); 
            string id = null; 
            if (dr.Read()) { 
                id = dr[0].ToString(); 
            } 
            CloseConnection(con); 
            return id; 
        } 
        //The function ZeroAppend is used to append “0” after the prefix to the code. 
        public static string ZeroAppend(string data, int idLimit) { 
            return data.Substring(data.Length - idLimit); 
        } 

Output,

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OnceSQL Server Full-Text Search with rank values  I wrote a post titled enabling Fulltext search in Azure SQL database discussing Full-Text search in Azure. while using it with one of my databases, needed to show the result of the search ordered by however well they match to the search criteria. in order to sort the result as i need, the best is, get a rank generated for every row and use it for ordering the result. I had used Freetext operate for obtaining the result but if i realized that this can not be achieved using the Freetext function.

The CONTAINSTABLE and FREETEXTTABLE functions return a column named Rank for showing the rank related to the record based on matching. this can be used get the result sorted based on it, showing most relevant records at the top. Remember, the higher value of the Rank generated indicates the best matching.

Now, write the following code:
view plainprint?

    -- Creating a table  
    CREATE TABLE dbo.EmployeeDetails  
    (  
     EmployeeDetailsId int identity(1,1) not null  
     , constraint pk_EmployeeDetails primary key (EmployeeDetailsId)  
     , WorkingExperience nvarchar(4000) not null  
     , ProjectsWorked nvarchar(4000) not null  
     , Resume nvarchar(max)   
    )  
    GO  
      
    CREATE FULLTEXT CATALOG EmployeeCatelog;  
    GO  
      
    CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX ON dbo.EmployeeDetails   
     (WorkingExperience, ProjectsWorked, Resume) KEY INDEX pk_EmployeeDetails  
     ON EmployeeCatelog;  
     -- By default CHANGE_TRACKING = AUTO  
      
      
    -- Once enabled, search can be performed;  
    SELECT *  
    FROM dbo.EmployeeDetails  
    WHERE freetext ((WorkingExperience, ProjectsWorked, Resume), 'SQL');  
      
    SELECT *  
    FROM dbo.EmployeeDetails  
    WHERE freetext ((Resume), 'SQL');  
      
    -- Get the rank and sort the result using it  
    SELECT t.Rank, e.*  
    FROM dbo.EmployeeDetails e  
     INNER JOIN CONTAINSTABLE (dbo.EmployeeDetails, (WorkingExperience, ProjectsWorked, Resume), 'SQL') AS t  
      ON e.EmployeeDetailsId = t.[Key]  
    ORDER BY t.Rank DESC  

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Today, with this post we explain that how to calculate median in SQL Server or function to find median in SQL Server. Before we calculate/find median in sql server first we understand the what is the median and formula to calculate the median in sql server.

Median means denoting or relating to a value or quality lying at the midpoint of a frequency distribution of observed values or quantities, such that there is an equal probability or falling or below it. To calculate or Find median grou by in SQL Server click here Calculate median group by in SQL Server. For ex: supposed to find the median of bellows values like:
{1,2,3,4,5} then the median is equal 3
{1,2,5,10} then the median is equal 3.5
{1,5,8,7} then median is equal 6

So how to calculate median in SQL Server query, below is the query to find the median

Query:
SELECT CONVERT(FLOAT,
(
(SELECT MAX(Score) FROM
(SELECT TOP 50 PERCENT Score FROM Demo ORDER BY Score ASC) AS BottomHalf))
+ CONVERT(FLOAT,
(SELECT MIN(Score) FROM
(SELECT TOP 50 PERCENT Score FROM Demo ORDER BY Score DESC) AS TopHalf)
) / 2) AS Median

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Today, with this post we explain that how to calculate median in SQL Server or function to find median in SQL Server. Before we calculate/find median in sql server first we understand the what is the median and formula to calculate the median in sql server.

Median means denoting or relating to a value or quality lying at the midpoint of a frequency distribution of observed values or quantities, such that there is an equal probability or falling or below it. To calculate or Find median grou by in SQL Server click here Calculate median group by in SQL Server. For ex: supposed to find the median of bellows values like:
{1,2,3,4,5} then the median is equal 3
{1,2,5,10} then the median is equal 3.5
{1,5,8,7} then median is equal 6

So how to calculate median in SQL Server query, below is the query to find the median

Query:
SELECT CONVERT(FLOAT,
(
(SELECT MAX(Score) FROM
(SELECT TOP 50 PERCENT Score FROM Demo ORDER BY Score ASC) AS BottomHalf))
+ CONVERT(FLOAT,
(SELECT MIN(Score) FROM
(SELECT TOP 50 PERCENT Score FROM Demo ORDER BY Score DESC) AS TopHalf)
) / 2) AS Median

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Sometimes we have to face a critical situation when SQL Server database going to Suspect Mode. In that moment no work can be done on database. Database may go into suspect mode because the primary file group is damaged and the database cannot be recovered during the startup of the SQL Server
Reason for database to go into suspect mode:

• Data files or log files are corrupt.
• Database server was shut down improperly
• Lack of Disk Space
• SQL cannot complete a rollback or roll forward operation

    
How to recover database from suspect mode:

• Change the status of your database. Suppose database name is “BluechipDB”?

EXEC sp_resetstatus '';
Example:
EXEC sp_resetstatus 'BlueChipDB'

• Set the database in “Emergency” mode

ALTER DATABASE  SET EMERGENCY;
Example:
ALTER DATABASE BlueChipDB SET EMERGENCY

• Check the database for any inconsistency

DBCC CHECKDB('');

Example:
DBCC checkdb('BlueChipDB')

If you get any error after executing DBCC CHECKDB then immediately bring the database in SINGLE USER MODE by running following query. If no error found then you need not execute the following query.

ALTER DATABASE  SET SINGLE_USER WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE

Example:
ALTER DATABASE BlueChipDB SET SINGLE_USER WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE

• For safety, take the backup of the database.
• Run the following query as next step.Remember while using the below query, that uses REPAIR_ALLOW_DATA_LOSS, is a one way operation that is once the database is repaired all the actions performed by these queries can’t be undone.
• There is no way to go back to the previous state of the database.
• So as a precautionary step you should take backup of your database in step 5 mentioned above.

DBCC CHECKDB ('', REPAIR_ALLOW_DATA_LOSS);

Example:
DBCC CheckDB ('BlueChipDB', REPAIR_ALLOW_DATA_LOSS)

• Finally, bring the database in MULTI USER mode

ALTER DATABASE  SET MULTI_USER;
ALTER DATABASE [BlueChipDB]  SET MULTI_USER

• Refresh your database server and verify the connectivity of your database. Now users should be able to connect to the database properly. If any data loss, you can restore database – backup taken in step 5.

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In this tutorial, I will explain how to use concat function in SQL 2016. CONCAT function is also known as T-SQL Function which was introduced in SQL Server 2012. This function allows us to concatenate two or more parameters values together and these parameters values should be separated by comma. Before release of Concat function, we used to use the “+” operator to combine or concatenate two or more string values. The most important feature of Concat function is that it also takes care of data type conversion and beautifully handles NULL on its own. In case of Concat function, we don't need to care about the null values in the parameters which are going to be used.

Interesting features

1. CONCAT takes a variable number of string arguments and concatenates them into a single string.

2. It requires at least two input values; otherwise, an error is raised.

3. All arguments are implicitly converted to string types and then concatenated.

4. Best part of this; Null values are implicitly converted to an empty string. If all the arguments are null, an empty string of type varchar(1) is returned.

5. The implicit conversion to strings follows the existing rules for data type conversions. 

6. If none of the input arguments is of a supported large object (LOB) type, then the return type is truncated to 8000 in length, regardless of the return type. This truncation preserves space and supports efficiency in plan generation.

Examples:

Concatenate Space Characters with input variables

To understand the features of Concat function, we are showing the examples with Concat function and without the concat functions as given below:

In the above example, we are using the two variables to concatenating together. You can see that, we are getting the same outputs. 

Concatenate Space Characters with with NULL values

Now, we are going to make some interesting changes in the above example by setting the null value in the second variable as given below:

You can easily see that full name is showing NULL values in case of without Concat function but by using Concat function, full name is showing because of Null values are implicitly converted to an empty string.

Concatenate number and string together

If you want to concatenate string with numeric value then you should need to convert the numeric value into the string as given below:

If you want to concatenate two numeric values then there is no need to change their data types because of implicit conversion to strings follows the existing rules for data type conversions.

Conclusion

The CONCAT function appends one string to the end of another string and does not require ISNULL for converting NULL into an empty string. All arguments are implicitly converted to string types and then concatenated.

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In this tutorial, I will explain about how to make time converter. The time converter converts the most common time units, second, hour, minute, day, week, month, year and century. Second is the SI base unit of time and officially defined as the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom.

We have an integer number which represents seconds (secs) part of the time. We need to convert this integer number into year, month, days, hour, minute and second parts. Let me explain with the help of the examples to make it clear.

Examples:

100 Seconds – 0 year(s) 0 month(s) 0 day(s) 0 hour(s) 1 minute(s) 40 second(s)

3600 Seconds – 0 year(s) 0 month(s) 0 day(s) 1 hour(s) 0 minute(s) 0 second(s)

86400 Seconds – 0 year(s) 0 month(s) 1 day(s) 0 hour(s) 0 minute(s) 0 second(s)

2678400 Seconds – 0 year(s) 1 month(s) 0 day(s) 0 hour(s) 0 minute(s) 0 second(s)

35110011 Seconds – 1 year(s) 1 month(s) 10 day(s) 8 hour(s) 46 minute(s) 51 second(s)

etc.

Convert number into year, month, day, hour, minute and second

Below is the code to convert the input integer number into year, month, day, hour, minute and second as above:

DECLARE @VARDT DATETIME = DATEADD(SECOND, 35110011, 0)
SELECT CAST(DATEPART(YEAR, @VARDT) - 1900 AS VARCHAR(10)) + ' year(s) ' + CAST(DATEPART(MONTH, @VARDT) - 1 AS VARCHAR(2)) + ' month(s) '
+ CAST(DATEPART(DD, @VARDT) - 1 AS VARCHAR(2)) + ' day(s) ' + CAST(DATEPART(HOUR, @VARDT) AS VARCHAR(2)) + ' hour(s) '
+ CAST(DATEPART(MINUTE, @VARDT) AS VARCHAR(2)) + ' minute(s) ' + CAST(DATEPART(SECOND, @VARDT) AS VARCHAR(2)) + ' second(s)'

Or, we can use the below code.


DECLARE @VARDT DATETIME = DATEADD(SECOND, 35110011, 0)
SELECT CAST(DATEDIFF(YEAR, 0, @VARDT) AS VARCHAR(10)) + ' year(s) ' + CAST(DATEPART(MONTH, @VARDT) - 1 AS VARCHAR(2)) + ' month(s) '
 + CAST(DATEPART(DD, @VARDT) - 1 AS VARCHAR(2)) + ' day(s) ' + CAST(DATEPART(HOUR, @VARDT) AS VARCHAR(2)) + ' hour(s) '
 + CAST(DATEPART(MINUTE, @VARDT) AS VARCHAR(2)) + ' minute(s) ' + CAST(DATEPART(SECOND, @VARDT) AS VARCHAR(2)) + ' second(s)'

I have added the given integer value in second part of the default datetime value (‘1900-01-01 00:00:00.000’) of SQL Server to generate a datetime value. Once we have a datetime data type, we can easily apply the DATEPART function to extract the required parts from that. In this scenario SQL Server automatically takes care of the date time conversions. Finally, I have subtracted the respective date time parts from the generated datetime data type value from their respective parts in the final SELECT statement wherever required.

In second logic, I have just used a DATEDIFF function for the first step computation which can take care of all the conversions specially in below scenarios smoothly. For example, we don’t need to worry about to year to month, month to day and day to hour conversion. We just need to use DATEDIFF function for the first part.

Convert number into month, day, hour, minute and second

SELECT CAST((DATEDIFF(MONTH, 0, @VARDT)) AS VARCHAR(10)) + ' month(s) '
+ CAST(DATEPART(DD, @VARDT) - 1 AS VARCHAR(2)) + ' day(s) ' + CAST(DATEPART(HOUR, @VARDT) AS VARCHAR(2)) + ' hour(s) '
+ CAST(DATEPART(MINUTE, @VARDT) AS VARCHAR(2)) + ' minute(s) ' + CAST(DATEPART(SECOND, @VARDT) AS VARCHAR(2)) + ' second(s)'

Output:

13 month(s) 10 day(s) 8 hour(s) 46 minute(s) 51 second(s)

Convert number into day, hour, minute and second

SELECT CAST((DATEDIFF(DD, 0, @VARDT)) AS VARCHAR(10)) + ' day(s) '
 + CAST(DATEPART(HOUR, @VARDT) AS VARCHAR(2)) + ' hour(s) '
 + CAST(DATEPART(MINUTE, @VARDT) AS VARCHAR(2)) + ' minute(s) ' + CAST(DATEPART(SECOND, @VARDT) AS VARCHAR(2)) + ' second(s)'

Output:

406 day(s) 8 hour(s) 46 minute(s) 51 second(s)

Convert number into hour, minute and second

SELECT CAST(DATEDIFF(HOUR, 0, @VARDT) AS VARCHAR(20)) + ' hour(s) '
 + CAST(DATEPART(MINUTE, @VARDT) AS VARCHAR(2)) + ' minute(s) ' + CAST(DATEPART(SECOND, @VARDT) AS VARCHAR(2)) + ' second(s)'

Output:

9752 hour(s) 46 minute(s) 51 second(s)

Convert number into minute and second

SELECT CAST(DATEDIFF(MINUTE, 0, @VARDT) AS VARCHAR(25)) + ' minute(s) ' + CAST(DATEPART(SECOND, @VARDT) AS VARCHAR(2)) + ' second(s)'

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In this tutorial, I will explain how to fix unable to communicate with the runtime for ‘R’ script. Please check the requirements of ‘R’ runtime, Fatal error: cannot create ‘R_TempDir’. R is the most popular programming language for advanced analytics today. You can use it for statistical analysis, uncover patterns, identify trends or even build predictive models. R has a massive collection of free packages on CRAN created by an ever-growing worldwide developer community.

In the latest SQL Server 2016 CTP3 release, new native in-database support for open source R and multi-threaded RevoScaleR functions are now available via R Services. SQL Server R Services provides a platform for using the powerful R language and package portfolio with a simple Transact-SQL interface. To overcome open source R’s performance and scale limitations, Enterprise Edition includes RevoScaleR features.

Data scientists, BI developers and applications can make parameterized calls to the R runtime from SQL code or stored procedures to get R computed result sets or data visualizations. In SQL Server 2016 CTP3, support for ad-hoc execution of R scripts via a new system stored procedure, sp_execute_external_script, was added. It will currently support pushing data from a single SELECT statement with multiple input parameters to R and return a single data frame as output.

• Locate launcher config file (this is used by the MSSQL Launch pad service)
  
  • Its normally located in the Binn folder instance the which is available in the root directory in my case D: \ Program Files \ Microsoft SQL Server \ MSSQL 13.MSSQLSERVER \ MSSQL \ Binn
• View the contents of rlauncher and check the working directory of the which is where we are having issues creating temp dir.
  
  • R does not like spaces in the working directory
    

  

• Create a folder in C:\ called temp “C:\temp”
• Change the working directory to c:\temp
  

• Grant permissions for the service MSSQLaunchpad service account in my case its NT Service\MSSQLaunchpad
  



Restart the SQL server services and SQL Launch pad services.
We can also fix this by using short paths by replacing the working directory with a short path. Example below cmd will give us the short path for the location cmd /c for %A in (“D:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL13.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\ExtensibilityData”) do @echo %~sA


 

 

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In this post, we will convert a given date of range into list of dates as per the business requirement. Just have a look on as these three mentioned demo table below which has three columns CustomerID, StartDate and EndDate. So, we want to generate the date list for the given date range for each customer. For example if we have a entry as CustomerID – “1”, StartDate – “10-Dec-2012” and EndDate – “19-Mar-2013”, then this should return a date list for CustomerID 1 with 4 rows. First row for 10-Dec-12 to 31-Dec-12, Second row for 01-Jan-13 to 31-Jan-13, Third row for 01-Feb-13 to 28-Feb-13 and fourth row for 01-Mar-13 to 19-Mar-13.

Mind that in first row, we have started with the actual start date of the given date range and in the last row, we have put the end date as actual end date. But, if there is any more row between first row and last row, it has a date range as whole month.

Look at this table of date range below:

And we want the required output from this date range is as below:

How to Generate The Output

Step 1

Create a table as below:

CREATE TABLE DateRange
(
CustomerID INT,
StartDate DATE,
EndDate DATE
)

Step 2

Insert demo values for customer and date range

INSERT INTO DateRange
VALUES (1, '10-Dec-12', '19-Mar-13'),
(2, '20-Mar-14', '10-Jul-14')

Step 3

Create another table to hold Serial number so that we can apply a join with this table to generate the date list for given date range. You can also use a demo DateList table to get the desired output. In this demo, we are using serial numbers to generate the desired output:

CREATE TABLE TableSerialNumber
(
RowNumber INT
)

Step 4

Insert serial numbers up to 100 for this demo using sys.columns table. You can also use another way to insert this.

INSERT INTO TableSerialNumber
SELECT TOP 100 ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY (SELECT 0)) FROM SYS.COLUMNS

Step 5

Now, write a SQL query to extract the output as required. You can also try with some different way using DateList table too. Here, we're gonna use a serial number to generate the rows and date list dynamically for the given date range.

SELECT A.CustomerID
,CONVERT(VARCHAR(20), (CASE WHEN B.RowNumber = 1 THEN A.StartDate
ELSE DATEADD(MONTH, B.RowNumber - 1, DATEADD(DD, -(DATEPART(DD, A.StartDate)) + 1, A.StartDate)) END), 106) AS FromDate
,CONVERT(VARCHAR(20), (CASE WHEN (DATEADD(DD, -(DATEPART(DD, A.StartDate)), DATEADD(MONTH, B.RowNumber, A.StartDate))) < A.EndDate THEN
DATEADD(DD, -(DATEPART(DD, A.StartDate)), DATEADD(MONTH, B.RowNumber, A.StartDate)) ELSE A.EndDate END), 106) AS ToDate
FROM DateRange A
INNER JOIN TableSerialNumber B ON B.RowNumber <= (DATEDIFF(MONTH, A.StartDate, A.EndDate) + 1)

And you're done! You can also generate it in some other way too. For example, you can achieve this with a demo DateList table too. It's your creativity to find your own way.

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